“Tea” in European Languages (map)

Did you know that “tea” is either “te” or “cha(i)” in almost all languages in the world? Both names originally come from Chinese 茶, which is pronounced as “cha” (as in “Charles”, with a rising intonation) in Mandarin Chinese (and similarly and Cantonese), but the same character is pronounced “ta” or “te” in Min Chinese.

The first nation to bring tea to Europe were the Portuguese, who borrowed the word “chá” from Cantonese-speaking regions of China in the 1550s. On the other hand, the Dutch, who played an essential role in the introduction of tea in Western Europe in the 17th century, borrowed the word “thee” from Min-Chinese–speaking parts of China, and the entire Western Europe, except the Portuguese, have adopted some variation of the Dutch word.

Since the Portuguese haven’t had much success with spreading the word “chá”, how come most of Eastern Europe say “chai”? This word came in yet another way. The form “chai” likely developed in Persian from its Chinese predecessor, and from there it spread throughout Eastern Europe and the eastern half of Southern Europe (via Russian, thanks to Russia’s trade relations with Central Asia):